Agricultural area is the sum of areas under a) arable land - land under temporary agricultural crops (multiple-cropped areas are counted only once), temporary meadows for mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow (for a period of less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included in this category. (b) permanent crops - land cultivated with long-term crops which do not have to be replanted for several years (such as cocoa and coffee); land under trees and shrubs producing flowers, such as roses and jasmine; and nurseries (except those for forest trees, which should be classified under "forest"); andc) permanent meadows and pastures - land used permanently (for five years or longer) to grow herbaceous forage crops, either cultivated or growing wild (wild prairie or grazing land). Data are expressed in 1000 hectares.