"The mortality attributable to household air pollution resulting from solid fuels for cooking can be expressed as : Number of deaths, Death rate Death are calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total population (or indicated if not, e.g. if a specific population group such as children under 5 years, is used). Evidence from epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to smoke from incomplete combustion of solid fuels is linked with a range of conditions including acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Of these, evidence for three have been assessed on sufficiently strong basis for inclusion in the burden of disease estimates: Acute lower respiratory infections in young children (under 5 years); Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults (above 25 years); and Lung cancer in adults (above 25 years). Additional evidence based on exposure-response functions identifies household air pollution as risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as: Ischaemic heart disease in adults (above 25 years); Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke) in adults (above 25 years). "